Mordre la main qui vous nourrit? Analyse de la question de savoir si (et comment) le financement public limite l’engagement des organismes de bienfaisance dans les politiques publiques
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.29173/cjnser801Mots-clés :
organismes de bienfaisance, plaidoyer, engagement politique, Agence du revenue du CanadaRésumé
Cet article examine les liens entre le financement du gouvernement fédéral et les dépenses déclarées par les organismes de bienfaisance pour ce que l’Agence du revenu du Canada (ARC) définit comme des « activités politiques » au cours de la période 2003-2017. Les données anecdotiques suggèrent que de nombreux organismes de bienfaisance au Canada considèrent la dépendance au financement public d’autres organismes comme un facteur limitant l’engagement politique. Des recherches comparatives suggèrent que le financement public est positivement associé à l’engagement politique des organismes de bienfaisance, mais aussi qu’il les éloigne des formes de défense des intérêts externes ou controversées au profit de stratégies internes moins conflictuelles. Les données de l’ARC sur les activités politiques que nous analysons ici apportent des éclairages importants, car elles suivent les actions de défense des intérêts externes impliquant des appels publics à l’action, que le financement public devrait limiter. Notre analyse révèle que les organismes de bienfaisance bénéficiant d’un financement fédéral étaient plus susceptibles de déclarer des activités politiques que ceux n’en bénéficiant pas, mais seulement jusqu’à un certain point et avec des différences importantes selon la taille de l’organisme.
Téléchargements
Références
References
Bass, G. et al. (2007). Seen but not heard: Strengthening nonprofit advocacy. The Aspen Institute.
Berry, G. (2003). A voice for nonprofits. Brookings Institution Press.
Bloodgood, E., & Tremblay-Boire, J. (2016). Does government funding depoliticize non-governmental organizations? Examining evidence from Europe European Political Science Review 9(3), 401-424.
Blumberg, M. (2012). How Accurate Are the T3010 Charity Returns When It Comes to ‘Political Activities’? https://www.canadiancharitylaw.ca/blog/how_accurate_are_the_t3010_registered_charity_information_returns/
Charity Insights Canada Project. 2024. “Policy participation.” July 24.
Chaves, M., Stephens, L., & Galaskiewicz, J. (2004). Does government funding suppress nonprofits’ political activity? American Sociological Review 69, pp. 292-316.
Chewinski, Max, and Catherine Corrigall–Brown. (2020). Channeling advocacy? Assessing how funding source shapes the strategies of environmental organizations. Social Movement Studies 19(2), pp. 222-240.
Clément, D. (2017). State Funding for Human Rights Activism: Channeling Protest? American Behavioral Scientist 61(13), pp. 1703-1728.
Corrigall-Brown, C. and M. Ho. (2015). How the state shapes social movements: An examination of the environmental movement in Canada. In H. Ramos and K. Rodgers (Eds.) Protest and Politics. University of British Columbia Press.
CRA. (2003). Political Activities. Policy statement CPS-022.
CRA. (2003b). Other purposes beneficial to the community. Policy statement CSP-C10.
CRA. (2019). Public policy dialogue and development activities by charities. Guidance CG-027. https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/charities-giving/charities/policies-guidance/public-policy-dialogue-development-activities.html
CRA. (No date). Types of registered charities (designations). https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/charities-giving/charities/registering-charitable-qualified-donee-status/apply-become-registered-charity/establishing/types-registered-charities-designations.html
DeVita, C., M. Nikolova, and K. Roeger. (2014). Nonprofit Advocacy in the Nation's Capital. In R. Pekkanen, S. Smith and Y. Tsujinaka (Eds.). Nonprofits and Advocacy: Engaging Community and Government in an Era of Retrenchment. Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 85–106.
Garrow, E. and Y. Hasenfeld, Y. (2012). Institutional logics, moral frames, and advocacy: Explaining the purpose of advocacy among nonprofit human-service organizations. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 43 (1), pp. 80-98.
Gibbins, R. (2016). The Moral Imperative for Policy Advocacy. The Philanthropist Journal. https://thephilanthropist.ca/2016/02/the-moral-imperative-for-policy-advocacy/
Grasse, N., K. Ward and K. Miller‐Stevens. (2021). To lobby or not to lobby? Examining the determinants of nonprofit organizations taking the IRS 501 (h) election. Policy Studies Journal 49(1), pp. 242-267.
Guo, C. and G. Saxton. (2010). Voice-in, voice-out: Constituent participation and nonprofit
Advocacy. Nonprofit Policy Forum 1(1), pp. 1-25.
Hall, M. et al. (2005). The Canadian Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector in Comparative Perspective. Imagine Canda.
Imagine Canada. 2021. Canada’s Charities and Nonprofits. https://www.imaginecanada.ca/sites/default/files/Infographic-sector-stat-2021.pdf
INCITE! Women of Color Against Violence. 2017. The revolution will not be funded: Beyond the non-profit industrial complex. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
Jenkins, J. C. (1987). Nonprofit organizations and policy advocacy. In W. Powell (Ed.) The nonprofit sector: A research handbook. Yale University Press.
Jenkins, J. and C. Eckert. (1986). Channeling black insurgency: Elite patronage and professional social movement organizations in the development of the black movement. American Sociological Review 51, pp. 812-829.
Jenkins, J. and A. Halcli. (1999). Grassrooting the system? The development and impact of social movement philanthropy, 1953–1990. In E.C. Lagemann (Ed.). Philanthropic foundations: New scholarship, new possibilities. Indiana University Press, pp. 229-256.
Kelleher, C. and S. Yackee. (2009). “A political consequence of contracting: Organized interests and state agency decision making” Journal of public administration research and theory 19 (3), pp. 579-602.
Kirkby, G. (2014). An Uncharitable Chill: A Critical Exploration of How Changes in Federal Policy and Political Climate Are Affecting Advocacy-oriented Charities. Master’s Thesis, Royal Roads University.
Lang, S. 2012. NGOs, civil society, and the public sphere. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lasby, B. and E. Cordeaux. (2016). Imagine Canada’s Sector Monitor. https://sectorsource.ca/sites/default/files/resources/files/sector_monitor_public_policy_activity_2016.pdf
Leech, B. (2006). Funding faction or buying silence? Grants, contracts, and interest group lobbying behavior. Policy Studies Journal 34(1), pp. 7-35.
Leroux, K. and H. Goerdel. (2009). “Political advocacy by nonprofit organizations: A strategic
management explanation” Public Performance & Management Review 32(4), pp. 514-536.
Lu, J. (2016). Fear the government? A meta-analysis of the impact of government funding on nonprofit advocacy engagement. The American Review of Public Administration 48 (3), pp. 203-218.
McCarthy, J. and M. Zald. (1977). Resource mobilization and social movements: A partial theory. American journal of sociology 82(6), pp. 1212-1241.
Moulton, S., and A. Eckerd. (2012). Preserving the publicness of the nonprofit sector: Resources,
roles, and public values. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 41(4), pp. 656-685.
Mosley, J. (2011). Institutionalization, privatization, and political opportunity: What tactical choices reveal about the policy advocacy of human service nonprofits. Nonprofit and voluntary sector quarterly 40(3), 435-457.
Mosley, J. (2012). “Keeping the Lights On: How Government Funding Concerns Drive the Advocacy Agendas of Nonprofit Homeless Service Providers” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 22(4), pp. 841–866.
Mulé, N. and G. DeSantis (Eds). (2017). The Shifting Terrain: Non-Profit Advocacy in Canada. McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Neumayr, M., U. Schneider and M. Meyer. (2015). “Public funding and its impact on nonprofit advocacy. Nonprofit and voluntary sector quarterly 44 (2), pp. 297-318.
Nicholson-Crotty, J. (2009). The stages and strategies of advocacy among nonprofit reproductive health providers. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 38, pp. 1044-1053.
Oliver, C. (1991). Strategic responses to institutional processes. Academy of management review, 16(1), pp. 145-179.
O’Neil, M. 1989. Voluntary Agencies in the Welfare State. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Onyx, J. et al. (2010). Advocacy with gloves on: The “manners” of strategy used by some third sector organizations undertaking advocacy in NSW and Queensland. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations 21, pp. 41-61.
O’Regan, K., & Oster, S. (2002). Does government funding alter nonprofit governance? Evidence from New York City nonprofit contractors. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 21, pp. 359-379.
Pekkanen, R. and S. Smith. (2014). “Nonprofit Advocacy: Definitions and Concepts.” In R. Pekkanen, S. Smith and Y. Tsujinaka (Eds.) Nonprofts and Advocacy: Engaging Community and Government in an Era of Retrenchment. Johns Hopkins University Press.
Pfeffer, J. and G. Salancik. (2003). The external control of organizations: A resource dependence perspective. Stanford University Press.
Salamon, L. (2002). Explaining Nonprofit Advocacy: An Exploratory Analysis. Johns Hopkins University Center for Civil Society Studies, Working Paper Series.
Sandfort, J. (2005). Casa de Esperanza. Nonprofit Management and Leadership 15 (3), pp. 371-382.
Schmid, H., M. Bar and R. Nirel. (2008). Advocacy activities in nonprofit human service organizations: Implications for policy. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 37, pp. 581-602.
Suárez, D. (2009). Nonprofit advocacy and civic engagement on the internet. Administration
& Society 41, pp. 267-289.
Suárez, D. and H. Hwang. (2008). Civic Engagement and Nonprofit Lobbying in California, 1998–2003. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 37(1): pp. 93–112.
Tomlinson, B. (2016). Small and Medium Sized Canadian Civil-Society organizations as Development Actors. A Review of Evidence. Inter-council Network.
Wolch, J. (2014). The shadow state: transformations in the voluntary sector. In J. Wolch, and M. Dear (Eds.). The Power of Geography. Routledge, pp. 197-221.
Téléchargements
Publié-e
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
© John Cameron, Heather Dicks, Liam Swiss 2025
Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International.
La soumissions d’un manuscrit original à la Revue canadienne de recherche sur les OSBL et l'économie sociale / Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research (ANSERJ) implique que le texte soit original et qu’il n'ait pas été publié ou soumis pour publication ailleurs.
La revue estime que la publication de la recherche scientifique a pour but de diffuser les connaissances, et ce dans un régime à but non lucratif qui ne bénéficie ni à l'éditeur ni à l'auteur sur le plan financier. La revue se donne la responsabilité, envers ses auteurs et la société en général, de rendre le contenu disponible en ligne étant donné que la technologie permet. Conformément à ce principe, la revue publiera tous ses numéros en ligne.
Les auteurs qui publient dans l'ANSERJ s'engagent à publier leurs articles sous la licence Creative Commons, Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International (CC BY). Cette licence permet à quiconque de copier et de distribuer l'article à condition que l'attribution appropriée soit donnée. Pour plus de détails sur les droits qu'un auteur accorde aux utilisateurs de son travail, veuillez consulter le résumé de la licence et la licence complète.
[
Le contenu publié entre 2010 et 2019-10 est sous la « Licence de Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-
Le contenu publié entre 2019-10 et 2023-12 est sous la « Licence Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-
Le contenu publié après 2023-12 est sous la « Licence Creative Commons 4.0 International » (CC BY).]
