Funding Nonprofit Radio Technology Initiatives in Canada
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.29173/cjnser.2019v10n2a288Mots-clés :
Nonprofit radio, Technology, Funding, Canada / Radio à but non lucratif, Technologie, Financement, CanadaRésumé
Media organizations worldwide are struggling to find sustainable financial models since the arrival of the internet. Nonprofit radio is no different. Using a thematic analysis of 62 Canadian nonprofit stations’ financial statements from 2012–2015, this study examines the impact of the Community Radio Fund of Canada’s Radiometers’ grant competition. Although results show a small financial gain for those who received funding, the study fails to determine the value of relying on such a grant for long-term technological sustainability. This study also shows the classic income effect by demonstrating how stations continued spending on technology whether they received grants or not. Recommendations include creating a matching fund program to encourage stations to find alternative sources of income to sustain their projects and increase accountability.
Les organisations de médias à travers le monde luttent pour trouver des modèles financiers durables depuis l’arrivée d’internet. La radio à but non lucratif n’y échappe pas non plus. En effectuant une analyse thématique des états financiers de 62 stations canadiennes à but non lucratif de 2012-2015, cette étude examine l’impact de la compétition Radiomètres du Fonds canadien de la radio communautaire. Malgré le fait que les résultats démontrent un petit gain financier pour ceux ayant reçu du financement, l’étude ne parvient pas à démontrer la valeur de ce type de subvention pour une durabilité technologique à long terme. Cette étude valide aussi l’effet de revenu classique en démontrant que les stations continuent à effectuer des dépenses en technologie, peu importe s’ils ont obtenu ou non une subvention. Les recommandations comprennent la création d’un programme de fonds de contrepartie, afin d’encourager les stations à trouver des sources alternatives de revenus afin de soutenir leurs projets et d’accroître l’imputabilité.
Téléchargements
Références
Armstrong, R. (2016). Broadcasting Policy in Canada. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
Alia, V. (2004). Indigenous radio in Canada. In A. Crissell (Ed), More than a music box: Radio cultures and communities in a multi-media world (pp. 77-94). New-York, NY: Berghahn Books.
Banjade, A. (2006). Voice to the voiceless in western Nepal: An audience survey of community radio Mandanpokrara. Journal of Development Communication, 17(1), 72-91.
Bergés, S. L. (2012). Spain: An information society without traditional offline community media? Journal of Radio and Audio Media, 19(2), 134-151.
Bonin, G. A. (2012). Accountability in the commercial radio sector: Lessons from Canada. Observatorio (OBS*) Journal, 6(2). 1-26.
Bonini, T. (2005). Crazy radio: The domestication of mental illness over the airwaves. Radio Journal: International Studies in Broadcast & Audio Media, 3(3), 145-153.
Brooks, (2000). Is there a darkside to government support for nonprofits? Public administration review, 60(3), 211-218.
Income effect. (2011). In Business Dictionary Retrieved on February 23, 2017 from http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/income-effect.html
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. (2007). Astral Media to buy Standard Radio for $1.08B. Retrieved September 2, 2016, from http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/astral-media-to-buy-standard-radio-for-1-08b-1.646606
Cavanagh, R. (2009). International approaches to funding community & campus radio. Retrieved September 9, 2016, from http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/publications/reports/radio/connectus0903.htm
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission. (2017). General Plans and Reports. Retrieved March 10, 2017 from http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/publications1.htm
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission. (1992). Public notice 1998-62. Retrieved September 6, 2016, from http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/1998/pb98-62.htm
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission. (2007). Broadcasting decision CRTC 2007-359. Retrieved September 2, 2016, from http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2007/db2007-359.htm
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission. (2010). Broadcasting regulatory policy CRTC 2010-499. Retrieved September 2, 2016, from http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2010/2010-499.HTM
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission. (2013). Broadcasting regulatory policy CRTC 2013-476. Retrieved September 2, 2016, from http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2013/2013-476.htm
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission. (2014). Canadian content development contributions and eligible initiatives. Retrieved September 2, 2016, from http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/general/ccdparties.htm
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission. (2017). Communications monitoring report 2017: Broadcasting sector overview. Retrieved July 18, 2018, from https://crtc.gc.ca/eng/publications/reports/PolicyMonitoring/2017/cmr2017.pdf
Centime Zeleke, Elleni. (2004). The status of women in community-based radio in Canada. Retrieved September 9, 2016, from http://ncra.ca/whv/ncra-report-women-in-community-radio.pdf
Community Radio Fund of Canada. (2018). Funding is offered to support radio production, volunteer training and community participation, Retrieved July 18, 2018, from http://www.crfc-fcrc.ca/en/home/item/303-funding-is-offered-to-support-radio-production-volunteer-training-and-community-participation
Community Radio Fund of Canada. (n.d.). Program priorities, Retrieved July 18, 2018, from http://www.crfc-fcrc.ca/en/our-programs/program-priorities
Community Radio Fund of Canada. (n.d.1). Mandate. Retrieved September 8, 2016, from http://www.crfc-fcrc.ca/en/about-the-fund/mandate
Community Radio Fund of Canada. (n.d.2). Radio talent development program. Retrieved October 11, 2016, from http://www.crfc-fcrc.ca/en/our-recipients/radio-talent-development-program
Community Radio Fund of Canada. (n.d. 3). Youth internship program. Retrieved October 11, 2016, from http://www.crfc-fcrc.ca/en/our-recipients/youth-internship-program
Community Radio Fund of Canada. (n.d. 4). Youth on air! Retrieved October 11, 2016 from http://www.crfc-fcrc.ca/en/our-recipients/youth-on-air
Conti, C. (2011). Is anybody listening? Questioning the local bond between LPFM Programmers and their audience. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 35(1), 20-36.
Coyer, K. (2006). Community radio licencing & policy. Global Media and Communication, 2(1), 129-134.
Culture et communication Québec. (2016). Aide au fonctionnement pour les médias communautaires. Retrieved September 6, 2016, from
https://www.mcc.gouv.qc.ca/index.php?id=1997
Diasio, F. (2009). AMARC and more than 25 years of community media activism. Telematics & Informatics, 27, 193-195.
Dunaway, D. (1998). Community radio at the beginning of the 21st century: Commercialism vs. community power. Javnost – The Public, 5(2), 87-103.
Ewart, Jacqui. (2012). Exploring the unity in Australian community radio. Media International – Australia, 142, 123-134.
Elliott, P. W. (2011). Another radio is possible: Thai community radio from the grass roots to the global. Radio Journal: International Studies in Broadcast & Audio Media, 8(1), 7-22.
Escudero, M. (2003). Third sector radio in Spain. Radio Journal: International Studies in Broadcast & Audio Media, 1(3), 177-192.
Fauteux, B. (2015). Music in range. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
Forde, S., Meadows, M. & Foxwell, K. (2003). Community radio & local culture: An Australian case study. Communications, The European Journal of Communication Research, 28(3). 231-252.
Fraser, C. & Restrepo Estrada, S. (2001). Community radio handbook.
Bangkok Office and Regional Bureau for Education in Asia and the Pacific: UNESCO.
Gaynor, N. & O’Brien, A. (2011). Community radio in Ireland. Javnost-The Public, 18(3), 23-27.
Government of Canada. Standing Committee on Canadian Heritage. (2003). Our cultural sovereignty: The second century of Canadian broadcasting. Retrieved September 9, 2016, from http://www.parl.gc.ca/content/hoc/Committee/372/HERI/Reports/RP1032284/herirp02/herirp02-e.pdf
Government of Ontario. Commissariat aux services en français. (2011).
Étude sur les radios communautaires francophones de l’Ontario : Éléments clés de la vitalité des communautés. Retrieved September 9, 2016, from http://csfontario.ca/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Etude-radios-communautaires.pdf
Hennessy, M. (2013). Changes to the nonprofit legislation: The Canada Not-for-profit Corporations Act. Retrieved February 23, 2017 from https://www.spcottawa.on.ca/sites/all/files/Changes%20in%20NFP%20Legislation%20-FINAL-%20Dec%202013.pdf
Inge, K. & Conceiçāo, P. (2011). Using Aid instruments more coherently: Grants and loans. In P. Conceiçāo & K. Inge (Eds.) The new public finance: Responding to global changes. (pp.471-485). New-York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Jallov, B. (2004). Community radio for empowerment and impact. Journal of Development Communication, 15(2), 56-58.
Light, E. (2011). From pirates to partners: The legalization of community radio in Uruguay. Canadian Journal of Communication, 36(1), 51-67.
Magpanthong, C. & McDaniel, D. (2011). Media democratization at the crossroads: Community radio in Thailand and Malaysia. Journal of Radio & Audio Media. 18(1), 116-128.
Meadows, M. & Foxwell, K. (2011). Community broadcasting and mental health: The role of local radio and television in enhancing emotional and social well-being. Radio Journal: International Studies in Broadcast & Audio Media, 9(2), 89-106.
Mhiripiri, N. (2011). Zimbabwe's community radio 'initiatives': Promoting alternative media in a restrictive legislative environment. Radio Journal: International Studies in Broadcast & Audio Media. 9(2), 107-126.
Murillo, M. (2003). Community radio in Columbia: Civil conflict, popular media and the construction of public sphere. Journal of Radio Studies. 10(1),120-140.
Canadian Ministry of Justice. (2009). Not-for-profit Corporations Act (S.C. 2009, c. 23). Retrieved February23, 2017 from http://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/c-7.75/page-1.html#h-1
O’Connor, A. (2004). Community radio in Bolivia: The miners’ radio stations. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press.
O’Connor, M. (2012). The learning and teaching partnership of the community radio and tertiary education sectors at Radio Adelaide, 2SER and 2MCE. 3CMedia: Journal of Community, Citizen’s & Third Sector Media & Communication, 7, 33-39.
Potts, K. & Brown, L. (2016). Becoming an anti-oppressive researcher. In M. Webber & K. Bezanson (Eds.) Critical readings in sociology: Rethinking sociology in the 21st century (pp. 90-109). Toronto, ON: Canadian Scholar’s Press.
Rennie, E., Berkeley, L. & Murphet, B. (2010). Community media & ethical choice. 3CMedia: Journal of Community, Citizen’s & Third Sector Media & Communication, 6, 11-25.
Rennie, E. (2007). Community media in the prosumer era. 3CMedia: Journal of Community, Citizen's & Third Sector Media & Communication, 3, 25-32.
Rodríguez, C. & El Gazi, J. (2009). The poetics of indigenous radio in Columbia. Media Culture & Society, 29(3), 449-468.
Salter, L. & Odartey-Wellington, F. N. L. (2008). The CRTC and broadcasting regulation in Canada. Toronto, ON: Carswell.
Scarone Azzi, M. & Sánchez, G. (2003). Legislation on community radio broadcasting: Comparative study of the legislation of 13 countries. UNESCO.
Sharma, A. (2011) Emergence of Community Radio: Harnessing potential role for rural development. Journal of Development Communication, 22(2), 29-50.
Seneviratne, K. (2011) Community radio via public service broadcasting: The Kothmale model. Journal of Radio & Audio Media, 18(1),129-138.
Torres, B. A. (2011) Community radio stations in Brazil. Journal of Radio & Audio Media, 8(2), 347-357.
Wagg, H. (2004). Empowering youth with radio power: “Anything goes” on CKUT Campus-community radio. Journal of Radio Studies 11(2), 268-276.
Welch LLP. (2017). Audit requirements for Not-for-Profit Organizations. Retrieved February 23, 2017 from http://www.welchllp.com/blog/audit-requirements-for-not-for-profit-organizations/
Téléchargements
Publié-e
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
© Canadian journal of nonprofit and social economy research 2019
Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.
La soumissions d’un manuscrit original à la Revue canadienne de recherche sur les OSBL et l'économie sociale / Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research (ANSERJ) implique que le texte soit original et qu’il n'ait pas été publié ou soumis pour publication ailleurs.
La revue estime que la publication de la recherche scientifique a pour but de diffuser les connaissances, et ce dans un régime à but non lucratif qui ne bénéficie ni à l'éditeur ni à l'auteur sur le plan financier. La revue se donne la responsabilité, envers ses auteurs et la société en général, de rendre le contenu disponible en ligne étant donné que la technologie permet. Conformément à ce principe, la revue publiera tous ses numéros en ligne.
Les auteurs qui publient dans l'ANSERJ s'engagent à publier leurs articles sous la licence Creative Commons, Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International (CC BY). Cette licence permet à quiconque de copier et de distribuer l'article à condition que l'attribution appropriée soit donnée. Pour plus de détails sur les droits qu'un auteur accorde aux utilisateurs de son travail, veuillez consulter le résumé de la licence et la licence complète.
[
Le contenu publié entre 2010 et 2019-10 est sous la « Licence de Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-
Le contenu publié entre 2019-10 et 2023-12 est sous la « Licence Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-
Le contenu publié après 2023-12 est sous la « Licence Creative Commons 4.0 International » (CC BY).]
