Social innovations in sub-Saharan Africa: the place of communities and local territories
la place des communautés et des territoires locaux
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29173/cjnser.2020v11n2a379Abstract
This article reviews the state of knowledge on social innovations in Sub-Saharan Africa. Its aim is to explore and highlight the emerging trajectories of this little-discussed subject, for a continent caught between the dynamics of historical realities and the extroversion of development methods in a context characterized by multifaceted crises. To do this, the article revisits pertinent writings and explores emblematic cases by refocusing the research on a time frame extending from the 1960s to the present, when confrontation between the two movements has produced a hybridization that articulates innovations. The main finding concerns, on the one hand, a focus of social innovations on humans carried out by organizations linked to the social economy and, on the other hand, the alignment between the issues, challenges and practices whose local benchmarks particularize these innovations. The analyzed cases reveal a set of operational logics marked by the interaction between imported technologies and the pre-existing mechanisms from which innovative technologies originate. The proliferation of such technologies makes it possible to open up research perspectives highlighting socioterritorial structures, the omnipresence of solidarity activities and the predominance of community actors who have to combine social, institutional, economic, technical, and academic traits.
Cet article dresse l’état des savoirs sur les innovations sociales en Afrique subsaharienne. L’objectif est d’explorer et de mettre en lumière les trajectoires émergentes sur ce sujet encore peu abordé, pour un continent confronté entre l’extraversion des modes de développement dans un contexte de crises multiformes et la dynamique des réalités historiques. Pour cela, l’article revisite les écrits pertinents et explore des cas emblématiques en recentrant la recherche sur une temporalité des années 1960 à ce jour, où la confrontation des deux mouvements a engendré une hybridation qui articule les innovations. La principale trouvaille concerne, d’une part, la focalisation des innovations sociales sur l’humain portées par des organisations liées à l’économie sociale et, d’autre part, l’arrimage entre les enjeux, les défis et les pratiques dont les repères locaux particularisent ces innovations. Il ressort des cas analysés un ensemble de logiques opératoires marquées par l’interaction des technologies importées et des mécanismes préexistants à partir desquelles naissent les technologies novatrices. Le foisonnement de telles technologies permet d’ouvrir des perspectives de recherche mettant en scène les structures socio-territoriales, l’omniprésence d’activités solidaires et la prédominance des acteurs communautaires devant combiner les dimensions sociale, institutionnelle, économique, technique et académique.
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